Childhood cancer is a topic that many of us may shy away from, but it’s an issue that continues to grow and affect families worldwide. While cancer is often associated with older adults, children are not immune to this life-altering disease. Early detection and understanding the signs can make a difference in outcomes. As we approach International Childhood Cancer Day on February 15, it serves as a reminder to raise awareness, support research, and stand in solidarity with families impacted by childhood cancer. Let’s take a closer look at the key facts about childhood cancer, its common types, and how you can help raise awareness.
What is childhood cancer?
Childhood cancer refers to cancers that occur in children under the age of 18. It is different from cancers typically seen in adults, and it requires specialized treatment due to the child’s developing body. While childhood cancer remains rare compared to adult cancers, the numbers are growing steadily.
Common types of childhood cancer
There are several types of childhood cancers, but the most common include:
Leukemia: Leukemia, a cancer of the blood and bone marrow, is the most prevalent form of childhood cancer. It accounts for about 30% of all childhood cancer diagnoses. The two main types are acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors: These tumors are the second most common type of childhood cancer. They affect the brain and spinal cord and can cause symptoms like headaches, nausea, vomiting, seizures, visual problems and changes in coordination.
Lymphomas: Lymphomas affect the lymphatic system and can be classified as either Hodgkin lymphoma or non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Neuroblastoma: This cancer develops in nerve tissue and often affects children under the age of 5. It can occur in the adrenal glands, neck, chest, abdomen, or pelvis.
Wilms Tumor: A type of kidney cancer that primarily affects children under the age of 5, Wilms tumor is treatable with a good prognosis if caught early.
Bone Tumors: Bone tumors, such as osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma, primarily affect children and adolescents. These tumors typically cause pain, swelling, and sometimes fractures in the affected bone, often in the arms, legs, or pelvis.
Symptoms to watch out for
Early detection is key to improving survival rates in childhood cancer. While many symptoms can be associated with other illnesses, it’s important to be aware of the signs and seek medical advice if you notice anything unusual. Some common warning signs include:
Unexplained weight loss or loss of appetite
Persistent pain, especially bone or joint pain
Fatigue and weakness
Headaches, often accompanied by vomiting
Swelling or lumps in the abdomen, neck, or elsewhere
Frequent infections or fevers
Changes in behavior, balance, or coordination
Can childhood cancer be prevented?
While the exact causes of childhood cancer are not always clear, there are some steps that can potentially reduce the risk. Unfortunately, many childhood cancers cannot be prevented because they are often caused by genetic mutations or unknown environmental factors. However, there are ways to reduce certain risks. For example, avoiding exposure to harmful chemicals, radiation, and secondhand smoke during pregnancy can help reduce the risk of some cancers in children. Ensuring a healthy pregnancy with proper prenatal care and nutrition can also be important. Additionally, encouraging healthy habits in children, such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding known carcinogens, may have long-term health benefits. Early screening and regular check-ups are essential for detecting any potential issues as early as possible.
The importance of early diagnosis
While childhood cancer can be frightening, advancements in treatment have significantly improved the survival rate for many childhood cancers. According to the American Cancer Society, the overall survival rate for childhood cancer has increased to over 80%. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical for improving outcomes, so parents and caregivers must stay informed and proactive.
Childhood cancer is undoubtedly a serious issue, but it’s one that we can address by staying informed and supporting ongoing research and awareness efforts. Early diagnosis, cutting-edge treatments, and a network of dedicated individuals working together can help improve the lives of children diagnosed with cancer. Remember, knowledge is power, and by understanding the signs and advocating for childhood cancer, we can help make a difference in the lives of countless families.
Dr Intezar Mehdi, Senior Consultant, Director and HOD Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and BMT, HCG Cancer Center, Bangalore, Karnataka